Key Performance Metrics

• Direct Water Capture: Footprint of approximately 0.01 km² (10,000 m²) for a 1 million tonne/year system, with potential for reduction to 0.001 km² (1,000 m²) in optimized applications.
• Fossil Fuel Capture: 65% smaller footprint than equivalent amine-based systems, enabling installation in space-constrained environments like vessel engine rooms or offshore platforms.
• CO₂ Battery: Utilizes existing pipeline infrastructure, minimizing additional land requirements.
   

• Direct Water Capture: Estimated below $5 per tonne generated over a 20-year field life for a typical 1 million tonne/year system.
• Fossil Fuel Capture: Modular design allows customers to select appropriate capacity for their needs, with scaled manufacturing reducing unit costs.
• CO₂ Battery: Leverages existing infrastructure (pipelines, salt caverns), significantly reducing capital requirements compared to new-build energy storage systems.

• Direct Water Capture: Initial cost range of $200 – 500 per tonne CO₂, with pathway to below $100 per tonne and potential for $25 – 50 per tonne in optimized systems.
• Fossil Fuel Capture: Energy consumption of <200 kWh per tonne CO₂, reducing operational costs by 60-70% compared to conventional amine systems (400 – 1200 kWh/tonne).
• CO2 Battery: Operational efficiency of 60-80%, comparable to hydroelectric (70 – 85%) and lithium-ion batteries (75 – 94%).
   

• Direct Water Capture: Typical yield of 100 tonnes CO₂ per billion liters of water processed, with enhanced rates for high-carbonate water sources.
• Fossil Fuel Capture: 85 – 95% capture efficiency across variable operating conditions, producing 95 – 99% pure CO2 output suitable for utilization or storage.
• CO2 Battery: Energy density of 60 – 93 kWh/m³, with 22 kWh/m³ available in the optimal 58 – 56 bar pressure range.
   

• Carbon Footprint: Combined CAPEX and OPEX footprint of approximately 10 – 15% of capture rates, with pathway to below 5% through system optimization.
• Land Use: Minimal land requirements, with offshore and subsea options having negligible surface footprint.
• Water Impact: Direct Water Capture improves ocean pH, mitigating acidification while removing CO₂.
• Material Efficiency: Designs minimize concrete and steel requirements, reducing embodied carbon.
   

• Direct Water Capture: Approximately £20 per tonne CO₂ for water movement energy costs, with potential for integration with existing water flows to reduce this further.
• Fossil Fuel Capture: <200 kWh per tonne CO₂, maintaining vessel efficiency or industrial operations without prohibitive energy penalties.
• CO₂ Battery: Compression powered by renewables during excess generation periods, with thermal benefits (heat from compression, cooling from decompression) offering additional efficiency opportunities.
   

All three technologies offer exceptional deployment flexibility:

• Geographical Range: From tropical to arctic environments
• Scale Options: From small (thousands of tonnes) to massive (millions of tonnes)
• Integration Capabilities: Compatible with existing industrial, maritime, and energy infrastructure
• Power Sources: Operable with grid electricity, renewables, waste heat, or natural forces